Programming

C/C++

Official Homepage: ?

Documentation: http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/

Paradigm: Procedual, (C++:Object-Oriented) – Compiled

Great for: Operating systems, generic applications, heavy calculation

Perl

Official Homepage: www.perl.org

Documentation: www.perl.org/docs.html

Paradigm: Functional, object-oriented, imperative – interpreted

Great for: Parsing and text handling

Python

Official Homepage: www.python.org

Documentation: http://www.python.org/doc/

Paradigm: Functional, object-oriented, imperative – interpreted

Great for: Generic programming. Very popular in several scientific communities

Java

Official Homepage: www.java.com

Documentation: http://java.sun.com/reference/api/

Paradigm: Object-oriented, structured, imperative – Bytecode

Great for: General applications, web

PHP

Official Homepage: www.php.net

Documentation: http://www.php.net/docs.php

Paradigm: Object-oriented, imperative – interpreted

Great for: Web

STL

Homepage: http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/

Language: C++

Type: Container classes and algorithms

Qt

Homepage: http://qt.nokia.com/

Language: C++

Type: Graphical library

Matplotlib/SciPy

Homepage: http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/

Language: Python

Type: Scientific